Guidelines for the diagnosis,treatment, prevention and control of infections caused by carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacilli

The dissemination of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (CRGNB) is a global public health issue. CRGNB isolates are usually extensively drug-resistant or pandrug-resistant, resulting in limited antimicrobial treatment options and high mortality. A multidisciplinary guideline development group covering clinical infectious diseases, clinical microbiology, clinical pharmacology, infection control, and guideline methodology experts jointly developed the present clinical practice guidelines based on best available scientific evidence to address the clinical issues regarding laboratory testing, antimicrobial therapy, and prevention of CRGNB infections. This guideline focuses on carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriales (CRE), carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB), and carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA). Sixteen clinical questions were proposed from the perspective of current clinical practice and translated into research questions using PICO (population, intervention, comparator, and outcomes) format to collect and synthesize relevant evidence to inform corresponding recommendations. The grading of recommendations, assessment, development and evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to evaluate the quality of evidence, benefit and risk profile of corresponding interventions and formulate recommendations or suggestions. Evidence extracted from systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was considered preferentially for treatment-related clinical questions. Observational studies, non-controlled studies, and expert opinions were considered as supplementary evidence in the absence of RCTs. The strength of recommendations was classified as strong or conditional (weak). The evidence informing recommendations derives from studies worldwide, while the implementation suggestions combined the Chinese experience. The target audience of this guideline is clinician and related professionals involved in management of infectious diseases.     

Inhibition of endocan attenuates monocrotaline-induced connective tissue disease related pulmonary arterial hypertension

Connective tissue disease related pulmonary arterial hypertension (CTD-PAH) is characterized by vascular remodeling, endothelial dysfunction and inflammation. Endocan is a novel endothelial dysfunction marker. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of endocan in CTD-PAH. Monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH rats were used as the CTD-PAH model. Short hairpin RNA packed in a lentiviral vector used to inhibit endocan expression was intratracheally instilled in rats prior to the MCT injection. Endocan was found to be increased in the serum and lung of MCT-induced PAH rats. Short hairpin RNA mediated knockdown of endocan significantly decreased right ventricular systolic pressure, attenuated pulmonary remodeling and inflammatory responses in the lung. In the in vitro study, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) exposure caused increased endocan expression in the primary cultured rat pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (RPMECs). Endocan knockdown inhibited the permeability increase and adhesion molecules secretion in RPMECs induced by TNF-α. In addition, TNF-α induced MAPK activation was blocked when endocan gene was knocked down. These data demonstrate that endocan may play an important role in the development of CTD-PAH. This study provides novel evidence to better understand the pathogenesis of CTD-PAH, which may be beneficial for the treatment of this disease.     

Evaluation of adalimumab biosimilar candidate (HS016) in Chinese patients with active ankylosing spondylitis based on a health survey: sub-analysis of a phase 3 study

Clinical Rheumatology - The equivalence of the biosimilar HS016 to adalimumab (Humira) for the treatment of active ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients has been previously validated. The aim was to...     

Laparoscopic versus open pancreatoduodenectomy: an individual participant data meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

BackgroundRandomized trials have compared laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy (LPD) to open pancreatoduodenectomy (OPD) with conflicting results. An IPDMA may give more insight into the differences between LPD and OPD, and could identify high-risk subgroups.MethodsA systematic literature search was performed in the Pubmed, Embase, and the Cochrane library databases (October 2019). Out of 1410 studies, three randomized trials were identified. Primary outcome was major complications (Clavien-Dindo grade ≥ III). Subgroup analyses were performed for high-risk subgroups including patients with BMI of ≥25 kg/m2, pancreatic duct <3 mm, age ≥70 years, and malignancy.ResultsData from 224 patients were collected. After LPD, major complications occurred in 33/114 (29%) patients compared to 34/110 (31%) patients after OPD (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.62; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.3–1.4, P = 0.257). No differences were seen for major complications and 90-day mortality LPD 8 (7%) vs OPD 4 (4%) (adjusted OR 0.2; 95% CI 0.02–1.3, P = 0.080). With LPD, operative time was longer (420 vs 318 min, p < 0.001) and hospital stay was shorter (mean difference ?6.97 days). Outcomes remained stable in the high-risk subgroups.ConclusionLPD did not reduce the rate of major postoperative complications as compared to OPD. LPD increased operative time and shortened hospital stay with 7 days.     

腰椎关节突三维角度与单节段同水平腰椎间盘突出相关性研究

目的:探讨腰椎关节突三维角度与单节段同水平腰椎间盘突出的相关性。方法:选取2018年6月—2019年6月我院收治的单纯性单节段腰间盘突出患者105例,选取同期无腰椎疾病患者60例为对照 组。采用CT及X线测定腰椎3个平面L3～S1关节突角度。随后采用Fujiwara标准进行分级,按照腰椎间盘突出等级分为3组对比滑脱程度。结果:在横断面上,腰椎间盘突出患者关节突不对称比率明显大于 对照组（P ＜0.05）,且关节突角更偏矢状位。在冠状位上,腰椎间盘突出患者两侧关节突不对称比率明显大于对照组（P ＜0.05）,且小关节角更偏竖直位。在矢状位上,腰椎间盘突出患者更偏水平 位（P ＜0.05）。腰椎间盘突出患者关节突存在不同程度的突出（Ⅱ～Ⅳ度）,按照关节突关节的突出等级将腰椎间盘突出患者分为3组,各组间突出指数差异无统计学意义（P ＞0.05）。腰椎间盘突出 患者关节突角度与突出程度具有相关性（r=0.755,P＜0.05）。结论:腰椎关节突角度与单节段同水平腰椎间盘突出具有一定的相关性。     

FMNL2在胃癌组织中的表达及其临床意义

目的:研究在胃癌组织中形成素样蛋白2（FMNL2）的表达及临床意义。方法:收集普外科30例胃癌组织标本及其对应的远癌组织,利用免疫组化法及实时定量PCR法检测胃癌中FMNL2蛋白及mRNA的表达情况,并分析其蛋白表达与临床病理因素之间的关系,运用数据库Kaplan-Meier分析胃癌的生存状况。结果:胃癌组织中FMNL2蛋白及mRNA的表达均明显高于对应的远癌组织（均P < 0.05）;FMNL2蛋白表达与胃癌的淋巴结转移、TNM分期密切相关（均P < 0.05）,而与患者的年龄、性别、浸润深度、分化程度以及远处转移之间没有显著相关性（均P>0.05）;K-M生存曲线显示FMNL2表达水平与胃癌生存预后明显相关（均P < 0.05）。结论:FMNL2在胃癌组织中高表达,且与肿瘤的一些临床病理因素特别是淋巴结转移密切相关。FMNL2可能作为肿瘤转移、判断预后的标志基因。     

三例典型无功能胰腺神经内分泌瘤诊疗分析

无功能胰腺神经内分泌瘤（NF-PNETs）临床罕见,本文回顾性分析天津市第一中心医院 2012 年 7 月— 2017年2月收治的3例病理诊断明确的典型NF-PNETs患者的相关资料,探讨NF-PNETs的临床表现、病理及免疫组 化特点、诊疗及预后情况。     

沙库巴曲缬沙坦对心肌梗死后不同病程心力衰竭患者的疗效评价

目的:回顾性分析比较心肌梗死（MI）后不同病程心力衰竭（心衰）患者应用沙库巴曲缬沙坦（Sacubitril/Valsartan,LCZ696）的 临床疗效是否存在差异。方法: 收集2018 年1 月1 日—2020 年6 月30 日在天津市第一中心医院心内科住院并首次服用 LCZ696 的MI 后心衰患者共150 例,分为并发心衰组,心衰病程≤2 年组和心衰病程＞2 年组,各50 例,以治疗后3、6、12 个月 为时间节点进行为期1 年的回访,观察心脏超声指标变化和生存情况,并用Cox 回归分析影响疗效的因素。结果:3组患者左心 室射血分数（LVEF）（F=62.111,P＜0.01）和舒张末期内径（LVEDD）（F=38.444,P＜0.01）分别呈逐渐上升和下降趋势,其中在并发 心衰组的变化最显著,组间差异存在统计学意义。3 组间累积无终点事件生存率（90.0%、57.8%、35.3%）有统计学意义（字2= 32.754,P＜0.01）。Cox 回归分析发现长心衰病程患者终点事件发生的风险大（HR=10.407,95%CI:3.957~27.371,P<0.001）。结论: MI 后心衰患者早期启用LCZ696 更有利于改善左室重构,无事件生存率更高。